A laptop|portable computer} could be a computer that is straightforward to hold around. Its user will fold the portable computer on its hinge for carrying. The portable computer was created primarily for this specific reason. laptop elements were scaled to smaller size thus this might happen.

History

The first portable computer was fabricated in 1979 by British Designer Bill Moggridge. GRiD Systems Corporation helped improve his style. GRiD created the merchandise with a fold-down show that lined the keyboard. it absolutely was known as the GriD Compass. In 1982, Grid Systems began to form several GriD Compass laptops. They were largely sold-out to the US Military and NASA.

GRiD's laptop was one fifth the load of the other laptop used at that point. NASA used the portable computer in its spacecraft program, within the Eighties. The Grid Compass needed mains power.

GRiD in hand patents for the "Clamshell" style that is employed in most trendy portable computer styles. GRiD Systems was bought by Tandy Corporation in 1988.

Some historians, however, count because the initial "true" moveable the John Osborne one. it absolutely was created in 1981 by Adam John Osborne WHO was additionally a former book publisher. He was the founding father of John Osborne laptop. His PC weighed twenty four pounds (11 Kg).

The computer had a five-inch screen, a interface and 2 disk drives. many programs were enclosed with the John Osborne one. Customers might additionally get a one hour battery pack.

Also in 1981, another laptop personal computer known as Epson HX-20 went on sale . it absolutely was a conveyable laptop with a liquid show (LCD) monitor. the pc additionally enclosed a integral printer. the entire device was might be battery supercharged.

One year later, in 1982, 2 laptop designers from Microsoft, Kazuhiko Nishi and computer scientist, started their discussion regarding a replacement PC. the most issue concerning the pc was a replacement liquid crystal display technology. The model of the new portable computer was given to Radio Shack.

The latter in agreement to begin the assembly of the pc. A year later the corporate launched its TRS-80 Model a hundred, that was a laptop that looked just about just like the laptops we all know these days.

In 1986 the corporate created its improved version known as TRS Model two hundred. the subsequent 2 years saw the looks of a notebook computer from Compaq Computers and therefore the initial notebook-style portable computer from NEC known as NEC UltraLite.

The year 1989 was quite undefeated for portable computer producers. initial there was Apple laptop that developed its initial PC known as Macintosh moveable the evolution of that turned it into PowerBook. Then the corporate named celestial point information Systems introduced its celestial point MinisPort – a conveyable laptop consideration six pounds. Finally there was Compaq laptop that designed its initial notebook computer known as Compaq LTE.

The development of laptops continuing with numerous upgrades and extra functions adscititious. Laptops have lots of benefits like:

People will carry them anyplace, whether or not workplace or home.
They can be utilized in a smaller house than a standard pc.
At constant time moveable computers have many negative points like:

Price is higher
Computer thefts became easier.
While utilized in the automotive they will cause automotive accidents.
They break a lot of simply than desktop computers.
After 2010 individuals bought fewer laptops as a result of pill computers ar even a lot of moveable

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Difference Between Serif and Sans-serif Fonts

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CSS Font Families

In CSS, there are two types of font family names:

• generic family - a group of font families with a similar look (like "Serif" or "Monospace")
• font family - a specific font family (like "Times New Roman" or "Arial")

Generic family	Font family	Description
Serif	Times New Roman Georgia	Serif fonts have small lines at the ends on some characters
Sans-serif	Arial Verdana	"Sans" means without - these fonts do not have the lines at the ends of characters
Monospace	Courier New Lucida Console	All monospace characters have the same width

	Note: On computer screens, sans-serif fonts are considered easier to read than serif fonts.

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Font Family

The font family of a text is set with the font-family property.
The font-family property should hold several font names as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font.
Start with the font you want, and end with a generic family, to let the browser pick a similar font in the generic family, if no other fonts are available.
Note: If the name of a font family is more than one word, it must be in quotation marks, like: "Times New Roman".
More than one font family is specified in a comma-separated list:
For more commonly used font combinations, look at our Web Safe Font Combinations.

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Font Style

The font-style property is mostly used to specify italic text.
This property has three values:

• normal - The text is shown normally
• italic - The text is shown in italics
• oblique - The text is "leaning" (oblique is very similar to italic, but less supported)

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Font Size

The font-size property sets the size of the text.
Being able to manage the text size is important in web design. However, you should not use font size adjustments to make paragraphs look like headings, or headings look like paragraphs.
Always use the proper HTML tags, like <h1> - <h6> for headings and <p> for paragraphs.
The font-size value can be an absolute, or relative size.
Absolute size:

• Sets the text to a specified size
• Does not allow a user to change the text size in all browsers (bad for accessibility reasons)
• Absolute size is useful when the physical size of the output is known

Relative size:

• Sets the size relative to surrounding elements
• Allows a user to change the text size in browsers

	Note: If you do not specify a font size, the default size for normal text, like paragraphs, is 16px (16px=1em).

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Set Font Size With Pixels

Setting the text size with pixels gives you full control over the text size:
The example above allows Internet Explorer 9, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari to resize the text.
Note: The example above does not work in IE, prior version 9.
The text can be resized in all browsers using the zoom tool (however, this resizes the entire page, not just the text).

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Set Font Size With Em

To avoid the resizing problem with older versions of Internet Explorer, many developers use em instead of pixels.
The em size unit is recommended by the W3C.
1em is equal to the current font size. The default text size in browsers is 16px. So, the default size of 1em is 16px.
The size can be calculated from pixels to em using this formula: pixels/16=em
In the example above, the text size in em is the same as the previous example in pixels. However, with the em size, it is possible to adjust the text size in all browsers.
Unfortunately, there is still a problem with older versions of IE. The text becomes larger than it should when made larger, and smaller than it should when made smaller.

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Use a Combination of Percent and Em

The solution that works in all browsers, is to set a default font-size in percent for the <body> element:

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Text Color

The color property is used to set the color of the text.
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:

• a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
• an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
• a color name - like "red"

Look at CSS Color Values for a complete list of possible color values.
The default color for a web page is defined in the body selector.

	Note: For W3C compliant CSS: If you define the color property, you must also define the background-color property.

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Text Alignment

The text-align property is used to set the horizontal alignment of a text.
Text can be centered, or aligned to the left or right, or justified.
When text-align is set to "justify", each line is stretched so that every line has equal width, and the left and right margins are straight (like in magazines and newspapers).

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Text Decoration

The text-decoration property is used to set or remove decorations from text.
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links for design purposes:
It can also be used to decorate text:

	Note: It is not recommended to underline text that is not a link, as this often confuses users.

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Text Transformation

The text-transform property is used to specify uppercase and lowercase letters in a text.
It can be used to turn everything into uppercase or lowercase letters, or capitalize the first letter of each word.

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Text Indentation

The text-indent property is used to specify the indentation of the first line of a text.

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Background Color

The background-color property specifies the background color of an element.
The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:
With CSS, a color is most often specified by:

• a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
• an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
• a color name - like "red"

Look at CSS Color Values for a complete list of possible color values.
In the example below, the h1, p, and div elements have different background colors:

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Background Image

The background-image property specifies an image to use as the background of an element.
By default, the image is repeated so it covers the entire element.
The background image for a page can be set like this:
Below is an example of a bad combination of text and background image. The text is almost not readable:

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Background Image - Repeat Horizontally or Vertically

By default, the background-image property repeats an image both horizontally and vertically.
Some images should be repeated only horizontally or vertically, or they will look strange, like this:
If the image is repeated only horizontally (repeat-x), the background will look better:

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Background Image - Set position and no-repeat

	Note: When using a background image, use an image that does not disturb the text.

Showing the image only once is specified by the background-repeat property:
In the example above, the background image is shown in the same place as the text. We want to change the position of the image, so that it does not disturb the text too much.
The position of the image is specified by the background-position property:

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Background - Shorthand property

As you can see from the examples above, there are many properties to consider when dealing with backgrounds.
To shorten the code, it is also possible to specify all the properties in one single property. This is called a shorthand property.
The shorthand property for background is simply "background":
When using the shorthand property the order of the property values is:

• background-color
• background-image
• background-repeat
• background-attachment
• background-position

It does not matter if one of the property values is missing, as long as the ones that are present are in this order.
This example uses more advanced CSS. Take a look: Advanced example

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How to set a fixed background image
This example demonstrates how to set a fixed background image. The image will not scroll with the rest of the web page.

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All CSS Background Properties

Property	Description
background	Sets all the background properties in one declaration
background-attachment	Sets whether a background image is fixed or scrolls with the rest of the page
background-color	Sets the background color of an element
background-image	Sets the background image for an element
background-position	Sets the starting position of a background image
background-repeat	Sets how a background image will be repeated

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Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

• External style sheet
• Internal style sheet
• Inline style

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External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing just one file.
Each page must include a link to the style sheet with the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section:
An external style sheet can be written in any text editor. The file should not contain any html tags. The style sheet file must be saved with a .css extension. An example of a style sheet file is shown below:
"myStyle.css":

	Do not add a space between the property value and the unit (such as margin-left:20 px). The correct way is: margin-left: 20px

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Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section of an HTML page, inside the <style> tag, like this:

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Inline Styles

An inline style loses many of the advantages of a style sheet (by mixing content with presentation). Use this method sparingly!
To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:

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Multiple Style Sheets

If some properties have been set for the same selector in different style sheets, the values will be inherited from the more specific style sheet.
For example, assume that an external style sheet has the following properties for the h3 selector:
then, assume that an internal style sheet also has the following properties for the h3 selector:
If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external style sheet the properties for the h3 element will be:
The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style sheet.

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Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One

Styles can be specified:

• inside an HTML element
• inside the head section of an HTML page
• in an external CSS file

Tip: Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.

Cascading order

What style will be used when there is more than one style specified for an HTML element?
Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:

1. Browser default
2. External style sheet
3. Internal style sheet (in the head section)
4. Inline style (inside an HTML element)

So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means that it will override a style defined inside the <head> tag, or in an external style sheet, or in a browser (a default value). All css and css3 for css tools and css3 tools with css code generator and css3 code generator. All css generator and css3 generator for css button gerator and css3 button generator, css gradient generator and css3 gradient generator, css menu maker and css menu maker, css button maker and css3 button maker other help css editor and css3 editor.

CSS selectors allow you to select and manipulate HTML element(s).

CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their id, classes, types, attributes, values of attributes and much more.

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The element Selector

The element selector selects elements based on the element name.
You can select all <p> elements on a page like this: (all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color)

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The id Selector

The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML tag to find the specific element.
An id should be unique within a page, so you should use the id selector when you want to find a single, unique element.
To find an element with a specific id, write a hash character, followed by the id of the element.
The style rule below will be applied to the HTML element with id="para1":

	Do NOT start an ID name with a number!

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The class Selector

The class selector finds elements with the specific class.
The class selector uses the HTML class attribute.
To find elements with a specific class, write a period character, followed by the name of the class:
In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:
You can also specify that only specific HTML elements should be affected by a class.
In the example below, all p elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:

	Do NOT start a class name with a number!

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Grouping Selectors

In style sheets there are often elements with the same style:
To minimize the code, you can group selectors.
To group selectors, separate each selector with a comma.
In the example below we have grouped the selectors from the code above: